The Relationship Between Social Class and Gender in Jane Eyre Free Essay Example, 2000 words

Jane is conscious of her social ambiguity and disadvantage in terms of femininity and its charms: A Victorian woman's value resides chiefly in her femaleness (Archibald, 8), and she seeks to overcome both through mental discipline in Lowood, where she does gain an education, only to become another socially ambiguous figure in Victorian England, a governess. This was the only respectable option open to a single woman without a family, or even money or connections enough to get suitably married: In Victorian England, single women who were not particularly eligible for marriage (especially due to lack of fortune and suitable family ties) were considered redundant, unnecessary, superfluous. The redundant woman had few choices. If her father and/or brothers were able to provide for her, she usually lived at home and assisted with the care of the household and any children or elderly people who might live there. For most middle- and upper-class women who could not be (or chose not to be) provided for by family members, the only clear reputable option was to teach, either in a school or as a governess. Gender thus becomes a limiting factor and forces her to adopt an uncertain social station; she cannot become a lawyer or head a parish and at Thornfield she gets into an uneasy, complicated equation, where she does not fit into the established roles of either the gentry or the servants. On her arrival at the station, she is not accorded the courtesies due to a lady by the servant who comes to receive her. We will write a custom essay sample on The Relationship Between Social Class and Gender in Jane Eyre or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Biography of Dr Arthur Wint Jamaican Olympic Athlete

Students Last Name 5 Students Name Professors Name Course Title April 8, 2013 Dr. Arthur Wint, Jamaican Olympic Athlete, Doctor, Ambassador Jamaican athletes continue to be a formidable force in track events, which was true during the Olympic Summer Games in London last summer and 64 years ago in the same city. The Jamaicans Herb McKenly and Arthur Wint won gold medals in the quarter mile and 400 meter final, respectively, in the 1948 London games (Carnegie 260). These events were made more remarkable by the fact that they competed against a strong team from the United States. Four years later, at the next Olympic Summer Games in Helsinki, Jamaican George Rhoden won gold in the 400 meter final and Mckenly again came in second. Even more remarkable was the Jamaican 4 x 400 meter relay Helsinki team, made up of Arthur Wint (now 32 years old), Herb McKenly, George Rhoden, and Leslie Laing, who beat what was then considered an unbeatable 400 meter relay team fielded by the United States while setting a new world record. When 6 foot 4 inch tall Arthur Wint won the first gold medal by a Jamaican Olympic athlete at the London Summer Games in 1948, he was already 28 years old and had seen combat as a fighter pilot for the British Air Force (Hirst, 2012). A year before the London games, Wint had begun to study medicine and became a licensed doctor a year after the Helsinki games. Following his win in Helsinki, the Queen of England made Wint a Member of the British Empire

Bin-IT User Guide Free Essays

Introduction: The software on this CD provides a system to make wage slips and employee information leaflets for your employees at the Bin-IT workplace. This is a bespoke software which is tailor made for your use. There are on screen instructions for installing your software but this user guide will provide more information with in-detail instructions, troubleshooting help and a glossary. We will write a custom essay sample on Bin-IT User Guide or any similar topic only for you Order Now Instructions: Basic instructions to run the software: 1. Specify which folders you want to save the spreadsheet, wage slip and leaflet. Click the â€Å"Run† button which will automatically save the spreadsheet and both documents to your computer. 2. Once you have saved the files to your computer locate your spreadsheet. This will be the spreadsheet you use to calculate the wages of various employees in your Bin-IT company. The columns you’ll want to change regularly are from G to M where the actual hours. You can also change the wages or job position if people are given promotions or something similar. 3. You will notice that when you enter a value out of the range in the hours worked (outside of the parameters 0 to 12) then an error message will appear telling you that you have entered an incorrect value. This is validation – this stops you from making typing errors when entering in data. 4. You can change the validation rules by selecting the values you wish to change by selecting the field you wish to change, going to Data Validation and then changing the parameters accordingly. 5. Now the spreadsheet functions are sorted – we can move onto the mail merge functions. Mail merge allows you to automatically take the data from the spreadsheet and use it to make a wage slip and/or employee information leaflet. This software comes with the files already linked to each other therefore you don’t need to actually link the spreadsheet with the other documents. 6. Open up the Pay Slip word document. Go to tools letters and mailing Mail Merge. This will open up the mail merge wizard. 7. What will be shown to you is a mail merge wizard showing you which spreadsheet is selected to be merged with the word document. You can edit the recipient list and change who you wish the Mail Merge to apply to. 8. Click Next twice to skip to Step 5 of 6 and there you can preview all your print outs for the pay slips. 9. Click Next again and you are on Step 6 of 6, print. Click print and choose which ones you which to print, or just leave it on All and click OK. Before printing – if there was anything you wanted to change on a one-time-basis with any of the employees’ wage slips then you can click edit individual letters and change a specific thing for a specific wage slip. 10. When doing Mail Merge for the leaflets just do exactly the same thing but on Microsoft Publisher Troubleshooting * As stated in the instructions, you may receive an error message when trying to enter in data in some cells on the spreadsheet. This is because a validation rule has been set on the specific cell(s). Step 4 explains how to change the validation rules if they do not meet the criteria of some of your employees. * On Step 7, you may have a problem with the Microsoft Word document not being properly linked to the spreadsheet with your data in. In the event that this occurs, click ‘Select a different list’. From this use Explorer to find the spreadsheet file in the location you saved it, select it and then choose Sheet 1. Glossary Mail merge – Mail merge is a software function describing the production of multiple (and potentially large numbers of) documents from a single template form and a structured data source. This helps to create personalized letters and pre-addressed envelopes or mailing labels for mass mailings Data validation – In computer science, data validation is the process of ensuring that a program operates on clean, correct and useful data. It uses routines, often called â€Å"validation rules† or â€Å"check routines†, that check for correctness, meaningfulness, and security of data that are input to the system. Validation Rule – A Validation rule is a criterion used in the process of data validation, carried out after the data has been encoded onto an input medium and involves a data vet or validation program. Evaluation of User Guide I have tested my user guide by providing my system to others with no other instructions apart from the ones on the user guide. I asked whether there was anything missing or anything else that may help. One common criticism I got is that I didn’t have any kind of contact information in case the User Guide did not provide enough information. I also got advice to specify a little more in the contents of what is actually on each page. I have taken on these criticisms and have created a re-evaluated User Guide, starting on the next page: Bin-IT System User Guide Contents: (Page) 1. Introduction – What is this software? 2. Instructions – Spreadsheet settings and functions 3. Instructions (continued) – Mail merge (Making the wage slip) 4. Troubleshooting Glossary of Technical Terms 5. Contact Details – Phone, Fax Email Introduction: The software on this CD provides a system to make wage slips and employee information leaflets for your employees at the Bin-IT workplace. This is a bespoke software which is tailor made for your use. There are on screen instructions for installing your software but this user guide will provide more information with in-detail instructions, troubleshooting help and a glossary. Instructions: Basic instructions to run the software: 1. Specify which folders you want to save the spreadsheet, wage slip and leaflet. Click the â€Å"Run† button which will automatically save the spreadsheet and both documents to your computer. 2. Once you have saved the files to your computer locate your spreadsheet. This will be the spreadsheet you use to calculate the wages of various employees in your Bin-IT company. The columns you’ll want to change regularly are from G to M where the actual hours. You can also change the wages or job position if people are given promotions or something similar. 3. You will notice that when you enter a value out of the range in the hours worked (outside of the parameters 0 to 12) then an error message will appear telling you that you have entered an incorrect value. This is validation – this stops you from making typing errors when entering in data. 4. You can change the validation rules by selecting the values you wish to change by selecting the field you wish to change, going to Data Validation and then changing the parameters accordingly. 5. Now the spreadsheet functions are sorted – we can move onto the mail merge functions. Mail merge allows you to automatically take the data from the spreadsheet and use it to make a wage slip and/or employee information leaflet. This software comes with the files already linked to each other therefore you don’t need to actually link the spreadsheet with the other documents. 6. Open up the Pay Slip word document. Go to tools letters and mailing Mail Merge. This will open up the mail merge wizard. 7. What will be shown to you is a mail merge wizard showing you which spreadsheet is selected to be merged with the word document. You can edit the recipient list and change who you wish the Mail Merge to apply to. 8. Click Next twice to skip to Step 5 of 6 and there you can preview all your print outs for the pay slips. 9. Click Next again and you are on Step 6 of 6, print. Click print and choose which ones you which to print, or just leave it on All and click OK. Before printing – if there was anything you wanted to change on a one-time-basis with any of the employees’ wage slips then you can click edit individual letters and change a specific thing for a specific wage slip. 10. When doing Mail Merge for the leaflets just do exactly the same thing but on Microsoft Publisher Troubleshooting * As stated in the instructions, you may receive an error message when trying to enter in data in some cells on the spreadsheet. This is because a validation rule has been set on the specific cell(s). Step 4 explains how to change the validation rules if they do not meet the criteria of some of your employees. * On Step 7, you may have a problem with the Microsoft Word document not being properly linked to the spreadsheet with your data in. In the event that this occurs, click ‘Select a different list’. From this use Explorer to find the spreadsheet file in the location you saved it, select it and then choose Sheet 1. Glossary Mail merge – Mail merge is a software function describing the production of multiple (and potentially large numbers of) documents from a single template form and a structured data source. This helps to create personalized letters and pre-addressed envelopes or mailing labels for mass mailings Data validation – In computer science, data validation is the process of ensuring that a program operates on clean, correct and useful data. It uses routines, often called â€Å"validation rules† or â€Å"check routines†, that check for correctness, meaningfulness, and security of data that are input to the system. Validation Rule – A Validation rule is a criterion used in the process of data validation, carried out after the data has been encoded onto an input medium and involves a data vet or validation program. How to cite Bin-IT User Guide, Papers

Media And Pornography Essay Example For Students

Media And Pornography Essay It started by way of messengers and scribes, evolved through thepresentation of newspapers and radio, brought us together with television, and nowserves us world-wide via the ever-popular Internet. It is the mass media, and evenfrom the earliest days of its existence, it has contributed greatly in ways that bothenlighten and enrich society, and ways that deteriorate and perplex it. It is not asurprise to learn, then, that the mass media is the most powerful source ofinformation we have, and nothing else in today’s world influences public perception quiteas heavily. Unfortunately, however, most of what is broadcast or transmitted in thenews today is with reference to the chaotic condition of our planet, orsomething else that society as a whole sees as detrimental or damaging. But the news ontelevision is not the only type of media taking the criticism of society. Other forms of mass media, specifically movies and television programs containing pornography and violence have been heavily criticized. The underliningconcept to be debated here is that society is negatively influenced, specifically, bythese images of pornography and the result is increased violence againstwomen. This assumption, and it is indeed only an assumption, is completely fallacious,however, as no concrete and completely conclusive evidence has ever beenformulated in support of the theory. The key premise here is that the mass media doesnot cause undesirable social behaviour and in actuality, the media peopleshould not be dubbed as the â€Å"bad guys†. They simply use their power in the most constructive ways possible in order to promote their ratings andpopularity. One way to do that is to concentrate on what sells: sex, violence and disaster. Having said this, why is it then, that many in society still believe otherwise;why do they continue to believe that pornography is â€Å"evil† and is a major causefor violence against women, specifically rape? There are many reasons forthis misinterpretation and through the following few points, an attempt will bemade to show that pornography has very little to almost no correlation withviolence against women (of course nothing is â€Å"absolute† in society). In order to demonstrate this, it must be made evident that pornography is not â€Å"evil†and does not cause undesirable social behaviour by displaying nude women insexually explicit circumstances. Thus, it is important to indicate that women arenot treated only as sexual objects through the media. This is done in an attempt toquash any traces of â€Å"evil† in pornography. Subsequently, a second point, that somemay consider to be completely bizarre, can be addressed; that pornographyactually reduces the amount of violence against women. For thousands of years, sex itself has been considered â€Å"evil† andrevolting. This is exactly why the concealment of the sex organs and teaching feelings ofshame toward human sexuality is so common worldwide (Christensen 1990:4). These same feelings of shame are the chief reasons that sex is considered apersonal and private matter. Contrary to the beliefs of many, the mass media didnot create these settings; society creates this image. In some societies,women have no reservations with regard to living their entire lives completely naked,while in other societies, females cover themselves from head to toe, only revealingtheir eyes. The media has been bombarded with criticism, overwhelminglyfrom the female community, relative to the amount of sexually explicit material thatis published in magazines and that appears on television and in the cinemas. A common argument against pornography is that the media portrays womenas being nothing more than sexual playthings and objects to satisfy malesexual desires. As before, the media once again, is not to be held responsiblefor creating this image; these views are products of society. It would be downright absurd to assume that women in this society aretreated as sexual objects only because the media releases or broadcastspornographic material. A magazine associated with make-up and skin care, forexample, will quite obviously not be concentrating on much else. Such a magazinewould not display pictures of women who mountain-climb or women who water-ski;only images of make-up and text referring to skin care would be relevant. Clearly, society does not consider women to be beings who’s only purpose in lifeis to worry about make-up and skin care; but why are the complaints only directedtowards pornographic media then? The answer to this question may be more complicated, however, what remains obvious is that the media does notportray women as only being able to fill male sexual desires. To say that picturesfeaturing nudity, etc, are making objects out of women is foolish. One shouldconsider females who pin-up posters of male rock stars or children who collecthockey or baseball cards. Society, however, does not say that objects are beingmade out of these rock stars and sports heroes; pictures of clothed people are noless objects than pictures of naked people. Many complaints are also made to the effect that pornography only offersa one- dimensional view to life; that women are seen as nymphomaniacs who arehysterically addicted to sex. It should be pointed out that events such ashockey games, boxing matches, horse races and operas all offer aone-dimensional view of life. One does not attend an opera hoping to see a horse race. The Geography of New Zealand Essay However, this does not suggest that menshould go into society and rape a woman any more than it suggests that men shouldgo out and kill other men. Horror movie fans choose to watch these moviesbecause they enjoy portrayed violence. Needless to say, no sane individual wouldwish for this violence to become a real-life conception. Similarly, sex also excitespeople and because these two elements offer the most thrills in movies, they areoften combined. It should be pointed out that women, and not just men, also enjoy thesethrills based on numerous studies. When discussing pornography, it is scarcelynoted that men are not the only ones who enjoy fantasizing about sex. Womenalso enjoy pondering sex; just not through pornography. In fact, most of thesefantasies involve some degree of violence or force and are largely driven by theromance novels discussed earlier (once again supporting the evidence that romancenovels prove to be the female equivalent to male-geared pornography). Recentreports published by Nancy Friday, show that the number of female fantasiesinvolving rape far outweigh the number of male fantasies involving rape. Whatcomes as a surprise to many is that in male fantasies, the woman rapes the man and conversely, in female fantasies, the man rapes (â€Å"Sweet Savagery†), thewoman! (Christensen 1990:66). Friday’s reports also provided some interestingreasoning for the female fantasies. Her reports find that females fantasize about rape toshow that they are not acting in accordance with such â€Å"sinful† actions; to showthat sex is being â€Å"forced† upon them. Any other feelings towards the fantasizedrape would prove to be â€Å"undesirable social behaviour† and amazingly, themedia is not even involved! Actual laboratory experiments (Hawkins, Zimring1988:103) have shown that when groups of women were shown erotic scenes involvingrape, their reactions to the scenes were as or even more stimulating than less violent consensual lovemaking scenes. This is not to say that all women want tobe raped; far from it. This is to say that if women can fantasize about rapebut not wish to experience it, then men, too, can fantasize about rape and notwish to commit it. In addition to the many other accusations against pornography, many insociety believe that there is definite connection between organized crime and pornography. Although this may be true, the idea is largelyover-exaggerated. The reasoning behind this theory is very simple, yet very shallow. Consider, that pornography is created by organizations and contains sexually explicitmaterial that may be thought to be legally obscene in some areas. To make the connection, these anti-pornography organizations assume that theorganizations (hence organized) that produce the legally obscene (hence crime)material, are operating illegally. It is obvious why pornography is attractive tocriminals; just as anything that is banned or is made illegal, there is always someone whowill pay the high black-market price for it. Having considered the issues at hand, it can be said that since there is no concrete evidence to support otherwise, pornography in the media doesnot cause undesirable social behaviour. As mentioned before, sexuallyexplicit movies and magazines do not just arouse, but also satisfy. It is an undisputed factthat feelings of love and happiness cancel out violent feelings (Zillman,Connections Between Sex and Aggression) and to say that pornography endorseviolent feelings fails to make sense; if it did, why would men want to be exposedto it. To suggest that pornography causes men to â€Å"go over the edge† and commitrape is as ludicrous as suggesting that pictures of food cause the hungry to stealmore food. It has even been said by some women that rape is the fault ofwomen who dress provocatively; â€Å"they ask for it†. According to this logic, in the eventthat pornography is banned, then an attempt should be made to force womento cover their skin and wear clothing that completely hides the shapes oftheir bodies so as not to provoke rape. Absurd. As members of society, we recognize the power of the mass media. We understand that public perception can be easily persuaded. But it shouldbe clearly understood that pornography in the media alone cannot persuademen to cause harm to women; it cannot cause men to do things that are socially unacceptable. As was mentioned earlier, pornography only causesfeelings of excitement and satisfaction and these feelings overpower those feelings of violence. For these reasons, it can be said that until a positive link can befound between pornography in the media and violence against women, it willremain that sexual violence such as rape is the result of sexual frustration, and notof sexual arousal. Psychology